Risk factors for the skin condition include genetic and environmental factors such as a family history of allergies, asthma, or eczema. People with eczema are also more likely to have allergies themselves, and possible triggers include environmental allergens such as dust and pollens, as well as chemicals and irritants such as fragrances in soaps or detergents.
“Understanding any potential triggers is important, so you can work with your doctor on eliminating or reducing exposure to them,” says Shaili Shah, MD, board certified in allergy and immunology, and a member of the Medical Staff of Penn Medicine Princeton Health. “Skin testing may be used to find those answers.”
Managing eczema and reducing the risk of flares begins with self-care practices, including use of gentle soaps and moisturizing with a good, hypoallergenic emollient. If self-care measures are not enough, prescription topical steroid and anti-inflammatory creams can help with the itching and inflammation. Antibiotics are also sometimes prescribed to treat an infection if one develops.
“In severe cases, injection medications are used to control eczema. Patients should make an appointment with their physician to discuss their individual treatment plan,” says Dr. Shah.