While not formally recognized under DSM-5, orthorexia is an excessive preoccupation with healthy eating that escalates into rigid, self-imposed food restrictions with negative health consequences.
“Orthorexia is a form of dietary perfectionism that can take over nearly every aspect of life,” says Najeeb Riaz, MD, Medical Director of Princeton Center for Eating Disorders. “It may start by eliminating categories like dairy, meat, or gluten, but eventually the list of acceptable food options becomes dangerously narrow.”
Those with perfectionist tendencies or OCD may be at increased risk for developing orthorexia, according to Dr. Riaz. Many become intensely preoccupied with determining the origins of what they consume, which can lead to social impairments.
“It becomes nearly impossible for those with orthorexia to go to a restaurant or social gathering when they don’t know the sources of food ingredients,” explains Dr. Riaz. “They also may have a condescending attitude toward those who are not practicing the same rigid approach to eating.”
The Physical Impact
The body needs a full range of food groups for various purposes, including maintaining strong muscles and bones, providing energy, and boosting the immune system, according to Dr. Riaz. When one area is not functioning appropriately, it can impact all other systems. As such, orthorexia can result in medical complications and weight loss or malnutrition that can evolve into anorexia nervosa.
Patients with orthorexia who are below 85 percent of their ideal body weight may be candidates for inpatient treatment at Princeton Center for Eating Disorders at Penn Medicine Princeton Medical Center. Comprehensive treatment includes individual and group psychoeducation and psychotherapy, daily medical monitoring, and psychopharmacology when needed to address issues like anxiety or obsessive-compulsive disorder.
“Education, support, and the establishment of a therapeutic relationship are vital in treating patients with orthorexia, and they provide a baseline for care,” adds Dr. Riaz. “Their belief system about foods is very strong, so trust must first be established to enable work toward positive long-term outcomes.”
For more information about Princeton Center for Eating Disorders, visit princetonhcs.org/eatingdisorders or call 609.853.7575.
Article as seen in the Summer 2019 issue of Princeton House Behavioral Health Today.
