“We all have a common humanity, as well as distinct differences that set us apart,” explains Jawad Bayat, MA, Associate Director for Clinical Pastoral Education at Princeton House, and one of the first Muslims to be a certified educator with the Association of Clinical Pastoral Education (ACPE). “It’s a helpful framework to keep in mind when treating patients of different backgrounds and religions.”
Likewise, Muslims in the U.S. have many commonalities, but also represent a diverse mosaic in the ways they relate to the teachings of Islam. Some may follow Islamic practices closely, while others have varying levels of assimilation or integration into American culture – and this can weigh into behavioral health considerations.
For example, Muslim immigrant communities tend to associate a higher level of stigma with behavioral health treatment. They may seek the advice of their congregation’s Imam, who may not have behavioral health training, as a first-line resource. Muslims with higher levels of acculturation and awareness of resources may have a greater willingness to seek professional care.
Establishing Rapport
Based on his experience and knowledge of the research, Bayat offers the following insight for behavioral health providers to establish rapport with Muslim patients who do seek treatment.
Ask about values. For many Muslims, religion is an integral part of identity. At an initial meeting, ask where religion fits into their values and what gives their life meaning. This serves as a foundation for a more productive patient-provider relationship. Without this discussion, patients may feel a cultural mistrust or worry that the provider’s values will be superimposed on them.
Make use of curiosity. A “tell me more” approach is a great way to further engage with a patient.
Examine your own perspectives. Muslim patients may worry about being judged based on their beliefs, appearance, or gender/modesty norms. A provider’s reflection on their own cultural sensitivity is important to ensure an inclusive, accepting atmosphere.
Consider the role of family. Muslim patients with higher levels of acculturation may struggle with feelings of guilt or shame if parents or other family members strictly follow Islamic teachings. For example, alcohol use is forbidden in Islam, and can be associated with hidden shame. Ask about the role a patient’s family plays in their life.
“Religion is expressed through culture – it can be what holds us together and shapes our lives,” adds Bayat. “The appreciation of this perspective can build rapport, trust, and a deeper understanding of a patient’s experience and needs.”
